Watershed health and ecological security modeling using anthropogenic, hydrologic, and climatic factors

Assessing the health and security of natural ecosystems is unavoidable to regulate manage deterioration prioritize management conservation activities. As a result, current study was conducted assess ecological Galazchai Watershed in Oshnavieh Township, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, utilizing criteria linked various hydrologic, anthropogenic, climatic aspects. In conceptual pressure–state–response (PSR) method, 26 with acceptable variance inflation factor Durbin–Watson statistics were chosen. The Watershed's ecology's status spatial differences also chosen analyzed at 17 subwatersheds. contributions pressure (P), (S), reaction (R) indices watershed index 38.3, 30.1, 31.6%, respectively, according findings. for ranged from 0.388 0.688. Almost 64% watershed's area relatively healthy conditions. Additionally, maximum minimum values 0.608 0.236, allocating 58% moderate security. northern part had healthier moderately desirable than southern part, unhealthy undesirable this sense, main problems primarily related anthropogenic factors followed by hydrologic ones. procedure used based on can be applied as practical guideline local managers efficient adaptive management.